Swelling and redness in a lower extremity that is accompanied by chills and a fever might indicate to a New York health care provider that a patient is dealing with a case of cellulitis. However, a Massachusetts study presents reason for caution in this area because of the prevalence of misdiagnosis related to the disease. Researchers evaluated the records of approximately 260 individuals and found that nearly one-third of them did not actually suffer from this serious condition.